This material has been developed to accompany: |
Citing Web and Internet Resources |
Topics
Guidelines for Citing Resources | Information on the Web About Citing Electronic Resources |
It's necessary to cite your sources when you write a research report. That way, others who read your work can check the resources you've used. They can view or read the original sources to check for accuracy, to see excerpts or ideas in the context of the original piece, or to obtain more information. You'll also want to cite resources to let people know where they can find information on the Internet or the Web, whether you're preparing a formal research paper or writing email to a friend.
There are several guidelines and styles for citing works correctly. No one uniform style has been adopted or is appropriate in every case. The same situation exists for citing works that appear in print; you may be expected to follow APA or MLA style, for instance. You need to adopt a style for your own work and communications, and you should check with whoever is directing the research-your editor, instructor, or publisher-to see what citation style is required.
In the last few years, people have been citing resources that they find on the Web or through the Internet. The styles used for citing electronic works sometimes differ from those of citations for printed works, which have a long tradition of specific formats. Citations for works in print or on the Web have a number of common elements. These include the author's name, the work's title, and the date on which the cited work was published or revised.
There is no uniform agreement on all of the details of a citation for information found on the Web or the Internet. Most suggestions for the form of a citation include the name of the author, the title of the work, the date the information was last revised, the date the information was accessed, and the URL. The date the information was accessed is included because it's relatively easy to modify information on the Web, and the information available through a URL sometime in the future may not be the same as when it was accessed for the research. Methods for determining the date when information on the Web and the title of a Web document are discussed.
Guidelines for Citing Resources Found on the Internet and the Web
MLA and APA Style Guidelines |
"Frequently Asked Questions about MLA Style " A collection of frequently asked questions with authoritative answers from the MLA. |
"Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the American Psychological Association." Published by APA. |
Here are the items we recommend including in a citation for information on the Web or Internet:
Web page
Example:
American Civil Liberties Union. "Briefing paper Number 5, Drug Testing
in the Work Place." 19 Nov. 1992.
ftp://ftp.eff.org/pub/Privacy/Medical/aclu_drug_testing_workplace.faq
13 Feb. 1997.
Information on the Web About Citing Electronic Resources
There are several very good Web pages for information about citing Web and other electronic resources.
These Web pages that have links to several other sources on the subject:
Links to Useful Sites about Citing Web and Internet Resources
Internet and Web Essentials | Selecting, Evaluating, and Citing Information from the Internet | fyi | chapter capsule |
Visit Searching and Researching on the Internet and the WWW for more information about using the Internet for doing research and finding what you need. |
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FROM the fortune list ...
Just as the strength of the Internet is chaos, so the strength of our liberty depends upon the chaos and cacophony of the unfettered speech that the First Amendment protects. Philadelphia Federal Judges Panel in ruling on CDA (6/12/96).